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Related Concept Videos

Social Scripts02:10

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People tend to know what behavior is expected of them in specific, familiar settings. A script is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting (Schank & Abelson, 1977). Essentially, scripts are a particular kind of schema, one containing default values for the features within an event. In the restaurant example, the script's features include the props (e.g., tables, menu, food, and money), the roles to be played (e.g., customer and waiter),...
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Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
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Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
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Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
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Social Exchange Theory02:06

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We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test
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The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test

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Social stress-potentiated methamphetamine seeking.

Ashley M Blouin1,2, Swathi Pisupati1,2, Colton G Hoffer1,2

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.

Addiction Biology
|August 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Social stress potentiates methamphetamine relapse in rats by affecting the basolateral amygdala. This new animal model helps understand stress-induced drug seeking and develop therapies to reduce relapse potential.

Keywords:
methamphetaminereinstatementsocial defeatstress

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Psychological stress and drug availability interact, increasing relapse risk in humans with substance use disorder.
  • Social stressors strongly motivate drug seeking, but underlying neural mechanisms for relapse are unclear.
  • Existing animal models often use physical stressors, limiting understanding of psychosocial stress impacts on relapse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel animal model of social stress-potentiated methamphetamine (METH) seeking post-rehabilitation.
  • To investigate the neural correlates of social stress-induced METH relapse, focusing on the basolateral amygdala (BLA).
  • To explore the role of the BLA in mediating resilience or vulnerability to stress-potentiated METH relapse.

Main Methods:

  • Rats underwent METH self-administration and extinction, followed by a social defeat (SD) session.
  • METH-primed reinstatement was assessed after a reminder of the SD experience.
  • Neuronal activation (c-Fos) in the BLA was measured and correlated with SD severity and METH seeking.
  • BLA inactivation was performed to assess its role in stress-potentiated relapse and resilience.

Main Results:

  • A reminder of social defeat followed by METH priming potentiated METH seeking compared to METH priming alone.
  • Elevated BLA c-Fos expression correlated with social defeat severity and potentiated METH-primed reinstatement.
  • Rats undefeated during social stress did not show potentiated METH seeking or elevated BLA c-Fos.
  • BLA inactivation prior to stress reminder and METH priming potentiated METH seeking in undefeated rats, suggesting a resilience-mediating role.

Conclusions:

  • The developed social stress model effectively recapitulates psychosocial challenges relevant to human substance use disorder relapse.
  • The basolateral amygdala plays a critical role in modulating METH relapse following social stress, potentially mediating resilience.
  • This model offers a valuable tool for dissecting neural mechanisms of stress-potentiated relapse and developing targeted therapeutics.