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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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miRNAs in enterovirus infection.

Ilka Engelmann1, Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou1, Antoine Bertin1

  • 1a Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France.

Critical Reviews in Microbiology
|August 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) significantly impact viral infections like enteroviruses. This review explores how these infections alter miRNA expression and their potential use as biomarkers and antiviral therapies.

Keywords:
MicroRNAacute infectioncoxsackievirusenteroviruspersistent infection

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators in physiological and pathological processes.
  • Enterovirus infections cause a spectrum of diseases, from mild to severe, and are linked to chronic conditions.
  • The role of miRNAs in viral pathogenesis is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of acute and persistent enterovirus infection on cellular miRNA expression.
  • To examine the regulation of cellular and viral targets by altered miRNAs.
  • To discuss the translational potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and antiviral strategies for enterovirus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating miRNA expression in enterovirus-infected hosts.
  • Analysis of data on miRNA-target interactions in the context of enterovirus infection.
  • Synthesis of findings related to the clinical application of miRNAs in enterovirus disease.

Main Results:

  • Enterovirus infection significantly alters the expression of cellular miRNAs.
  • Dysregulated miRNAs can target both host and viral components, influencing disease progression.
  • Evidence suggests miRNAs play a role in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic enterovirus infections.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular miRNA expression is profoundly affected by enterovirus infections.
  • miRNAs hold promise as diagnostic biomarkers for enterovirus infections.
  • Targeting miRNAs represents a potential novel antiviral therapeutic strategy against enteroviruses.