Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
Published on: November 22, 2019
Graphene mode-locked femtosecond Alexandrite laser
Abstract:
We report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, graphene mode-locked operation of a femtosecond Alexandrite laser at 750 nm. A multipass-cavity configuration was employed to scale the output energy and to eliminate spectral/Q-switching instabilities. By using a monolayer graphene saturable absorber, mode locking could be obtained. With 5 W of pump at 532 nm, nearly transform-limited, 65 fs pulses with a time-bandwidth product of 0.319 were generated. The mode-locked laser operated at a pulse repetition rate of 5.56 MHz and produced 8 mW output power, corresponding to a pulse energy and peak power of 1.4 nJ and 22 kW, respectively. These experiments further show that graphene can be used to initiate mode locking at wavelengths as low as 750 nm.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Self-Locking Screw
A square-threaded screw jack carrying a load is considered self-locking if the screw retains its position even after the moment applied to it is removed.
What is a Mode?
There can be more than one mode in a data set if multiple values have the same highest frequency. For instance, suppose that the Statistics exam scores of 20 students are: 50; 53; 59; 59; 63; 63; 72; 72; 72; 72; 72; 76; 78; 81; 83; 84; 84; 84; 90; 93. Here, the mode is 72, as it occurs most frequently, five times.
A data set with two modes is called bimodal. For example,...
Ventilatory Modes
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
Modes of Standing Waves - I
Modes of Standing Waves: II
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no...

