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Related Concept Videos

Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

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When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
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Resistance01:19

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When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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Incentive Theory: Pull Theory of Motivation01:18

Incentive Theory: Pull Theory of Motivation

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Incentive theory, or the "pull theory" of motivation, suggests that external rewards primarily drive behavior. Individuals are motivated to engage in activities when they anticipate a desirable outcome. This is why people often work hard for promotions or study intensively to achieve high grades. These incentives can be tangible, physical rewards such as money or promotions, or intangible, non-physical rewards like praise and social recognition.
The theory differentiates between...
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Equivalent Resistance01:16

Equivalent Resistance

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In circuit analysis, situations often arise where resistors are neither in series nor parallel configurations. To tackle such scenarios, three-terminal equivalent networks like the wye (Y) (Figure 1 (a)) or tee (T) and delta (Δ) (Figure 1 (b)) or pi (π) networks come into play. These networks offer versatile solutions and are frequently encountered in various applications, including three-phase electrical systems, electrical filters, and matching networks.
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Resistance and Conductance01:25

Resistance and Conductance

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A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
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Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

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When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish
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Pulling a MAST1 on Cisplatin Resistance.

Ankita B Jaykumar1, Aroon S Karra1, Melanie H Cobb1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

Cancer Cell
|August 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified MAST1 kinase as a driver of cisplatin resistance in cancer. This kinase activates the MEK1 and MAPK pathway, blocking cancer cell death from this chemotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy agent.
  • Mechanisms of cisplatin resistance are not fully understood.
  • Identifying novel targets is crucial for overcoming treatment failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel molecular targets driving cisplatin resistance.
  • To elucidate the role of MAST1 in mediating chemoresistance.
  • To understand the signaling pathways involved in cisplatin resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a kinome-wide screen to identify resistance-associated kinases.
  • Performed functional assays to validate the role of MAST1.
  • Investigated the activation of MEK1 and the MAPK cascade.

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Main Results:

  • Identified MAST1 as a key kinase conferring cisplatin resistance.
  • Demonstrated MAST1 activates MEK1 and the MAPK signaling pathway.
  • Showed MAST1 activation blocks cisplatin-induced cancer cell death.

Conclusions:

  • MAST1 is a novel mediator of cisplatin resistance.
  • Targeting MAST1 or its downstream signaling may overcome chemoresistance.
  • Understanding MAST1's role offers new therapeutic strategies for cisplatin-resistant cancers.