Conservative therapy for appendicitis in children

Question A 10-year-old girl who was seen in my office last week with acute-onset abdominal pain and fever was referred to an emergency department, was diagnosed with appendicitis, and was treated conservatively with antibiotics, without surgery. Has the paradigm for treating appendicitis changed, and which is the preferred treatment of appendicitis in children: antibiotics or appendectomy?Answer For more than 100 years, surgical management was the principal treatment of acute appendicitis. Potential adverse events associated with appendectomy include bleeding, surgical site infection, and ileus, as well as stress for children and their parents. The option of treating appendicitis with antibiotics has been known for decades, which has led to consideration of antibiotics alone as a therapeutic alternative to surgery for uncomplicated appendicitis. While there is a reasonable body of evidence in support of this practice in adults, the accumulation of evidence of the safety and effectiveness of non-operative management in children is ongoing. Large studies are still needed, and those are being conducted at this time, with results expected in the next few years.