Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

149.3K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
149.3K
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

199.4K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
199.4K
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

138.0K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
138.0K
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

7.0K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
7.0K
Phloem and Sugar Transport02:02

Phloem and Sugar Transport

40.1K
Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.
40.1K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

112.4K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
112.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Current status of pharmacotherapy for primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Frontiers in medicine·2025
Same author

Effects of hyperglycemia on airway epithelial barrier function in WT and CF 16HBE cells.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Histone acetyltransferase Kat2a regulates ferroptosis via enhancing Tfrc and Hmox1 expression in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Cell death & disease·2024
Same author

High-density lipoprotein mimetic nano-therapeutics targeting monocytes and macrophages for improved cardiovascular care: a comprehensive review.

Journal of nanobiotechnology·2024
Same author

Numerical study and orthogonal analysis of optimal performance parameters for vertical cooling of sintered ore.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Ginsenoside RG1-induced mesenchymal stem cells alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy through secreting exosomal circNOTCH1 to promote macrophage M2 polarization.

Phytotherapy research : PTR·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System
06:08

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Published on: April 4, 2022

3.7K

Tamoxifen Directly Interacts with the Dopamine Transporter.

Sarah R Mikelman1, Bipasha Guptaroy1, Kyle C Schmitt1

  • 1Gnegy Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.R.M., B.G., M.E.G.); and Reith Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York (K.C.S., K.T.J., J.Z., M.E.A.R.).

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
|August 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Tamoxifen inhibits dopamine transporter (DAT) function, reducing dopamine uptake and amphetamine-induced hyperactivity. This suggests tamoxifen

More Related Videos

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry
07:30

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry

Published on: November 21, 2012

14.3K
Taking Advantage of Reduced Droplet-surface Interaction to Optimize Transport of Bioanalytes in Digital Microfluidics
07:57

Taking Advantage of Reduced Droplet-surface Interaction to Optimize Transport of Bioanalytes in Digital Microfluidics

Published on: November 10, 2014

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System
06:08

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Published on: April 4, 2022

3.7K
Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry
07:30

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry

Published on: November 21, 2012

14.3K
Taking Advantage of Reduced Droplet-surface Interaction to Optimize Transport of Bioanalytes in Digital Microfluidics
07:57

Taking Advantage of Reduced Droplet-surface Interaction to Optimize Transport of Bioanalytes in Digital Microfluidics

Published on: November 10, 2014

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is known to increase extracellular dopamine and offer neuroprotection.
  • Its precise mechanisms regulating dopamine transporter (DAT) function remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate tamoxifen's effects on dopamine transporter (DAT)-mediated dopamine uptake, efflux, and binding.
  • To elucidate the molecular interactions between tamoxifen and the DAT.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assays measuring dopamine uptake and efflux in rat striatal synaptosomes.
  • Radioligand binding studies using [3H]WIN 35,428 to assess DAT binding.
  • Biotinylation and cysteine accessibility assays to determine DAT conformation and surface expression.
  • Studies with mutant DAT constructs (D476A, I159A) to identify interaction sites.
  • In vivo locomotor activity tests in rats.

Main Results:

  • Tamoxifen dose-dependently inhibited dopamine uptake and amphetamine-stimulated dopamine efflux.
  • Tamoxifen weakly reduced [3H]WIN 35,428 binding, suggesting interaction with the DAT substrate site.
  • Evidence indicated tamoxifen stabilizes an outward-facing DAT conformation, similar to cocaine.
  • Mutant DAT studies suggested a direct interaction with a secondary binding site.
  • Tamoxifen attenuated amphetamine-induced hyperactivity without affecting baseline locomotor activity.

Conclusions:

  • Tamoxifen acts as a complex regulator of the dopamine transporter (DAT).
  • Its cocaine-like inhibition of DAT function and attenuation of amphetamine effects are significant.
  • Tamoxifen's structure is a promising scaffold for developing therapeutics for psychostimulant abuse.