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Two-dimensional type-II Dirac fermions in layered oxides.

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Researchers discovered two-dimensional type-II Dirac fermions in a superconductor using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. These symmetry-protected quasi-particles, found in La1.77Sr0.23CuO4, could be realized in nickelates near the Fermi level.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • High-Energy Physics

Background:

  • Relativistic massless Dirac fermions are observed in high-energy physics and as low-energy quasi-particle excitations in condensed matter.
  • Crystal symmetries protect the massless nature of these fermions in electronic band structures.
  • Many predicted symmetry-protected relativistic band degeneracies (quasi-particles) await experimental confirmation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally reveal the existence of two-dimensional type-II Dirac fermions.
  • To investigate the properties and symmetry protection of these fermions in a specific material.
  • To explore potential realization in other material systems like nickelates.

Main Methods:

  • Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) was employed to probe the electronic band structure.
  • Analysis focused on identifying Dirac points, which are crossings of specific energy bands.
  • Band structure calculations were used to suggest potential realizations in nickelate systems.

Main Results:

  • The study reveals two-dimensional type-II Dirac fermions in the high-temperature superconductor La1.77Sr0.23CuO4.
  • A Dirac point was identified approximately 1 eV below the Fermi level (EF), protected by mirror symmetry.
  • Spin-orbit coupling was found to lift the Dirac point degeneracy, imparting a topologically non-trivial character to the bands.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental discovery of type-II Dirac fermions in La1.77Sr0.23CuO4 validates theoretical predictions.
  • These findings highlight the role of symmetry in protecting exotic electronic states in superconductors.
  • The potential realization of similar Dirac fermions near EF in nickelates opens avenues for future research.