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Multi-marker metabarcoding approach to study mesozooplankton at basin scale.

Sergio Stefanni¹, David Stanković^2,3, Diego Borme⁴

¹Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy. sergio.stefanni@szn.it.

Scientific Reports

|August 16, 2018

Summary

DNA metabarcoding of zooplankton biodiversity in the Adriatic Sea reveals distinct coastal and offshore communities. This approach efficiently monitors marine life and supports ecosystem management.

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Area of Science:

Marine Ecology
Molecular Ecology
Biodiversity Assessment

Background:

Zooplankton biodiversity characterization is crucial for marine ecosystem understanding but remains challenging.
Traditional methods for zooplankton identification are time-consuming and may miss cryptic species.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize mesozooplankton composition in the western Adriatic Sea using DNA metabarcoding.
To evaluate the combined use of mtDNA COI and 18S rRNA (V9) gene regions for basin-scale biodiversity assessment.
To compare DNA metabarcoding with traditional microscopy for zooplankton identification.

Main Methods:

Collected 46 mesozooplankton samples from the western Adriatic Sea during summer.
Employed DNA metabarcoding targeting mtDNA COI and 18S rRNA (V9) gene regions.
Utilized NMDS plots, cluster analysis, and taxonomic assignment against reference databases (95% COI, 97% 18S similarity).
Performed microscopic identification for selected samples to compare with metabarcoding results.

Main Results:

Successfully retrieved and analyzed over 1 million DNA sequences (824,148 for COI, 223,273 for 18S).
Identified 234 distinct taxa, revealing significant differences between coastal and offshore zooplankton communities.
Observed species distribution patterns correlated with dominant Adriatic surface currents.
Demonstrated the utility of DNA metabarcoding for detecting non-indigenous species and fish spawning areas.

Conclusions:

Combined DNA metabarcoding of COI and 18S rRNA (V9) provides a robust, basin-scale inventory of mesozooplankton biodiversity.
This molecular approach offers advantages over traditional microscopy in terms of efficiency and taxonomic resolution.
DNA metabarcoding is a valuable tool for marine ecosystem monitoring, including the detection of invasive species and assessment of fisheries resources.