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Vitamin D and associated perinatal-neonatal outcomes among extremely low-birth-weight infants

Birju A Shah1,2, James F Padbury3, Michael P Anderson4

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. Birju-Shah@ouhsc.edu.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|August 16, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Vitamin D inadequacy is common in extremely low-birth-weight infants. Lower vitamin D levels are linked to adverse perinatal outcomes, highlighting the need for monitoring and intervention in this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants (<1000 g) are at high risk for various health complications.
  • Vitamin D plays a crucial role in infant development and bone health.
  • Data on vitamin D status and its impact on outcomes in ELBW infants is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in ELBW infants.
  • To investigate the association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and perinatal-neonatal outcomes in ELBW infants.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study was conducted with ELBW infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.
  • Blood samples were collected within 72 hours of birth to measure 25(OH)D levels using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
  • Infants were categorized based on 25(OH)D levels: deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20-30 ng/mL), or adequate (>30 ng/mL).
  • Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess associations between 25(OH)D and perinatal-neonatal outcomes, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

  • Out of 60 ELBW infants, 22% were vitamin D deficient, 25% insufficient, and 53% had adequate levels.
  • Lower 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with fetal growth restriction.
  • Lower 25(OH)D levels were also positively associated with prolonged rupture of membranes.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D inadequacy is a frequent condition among extremely low-birth-weight infants.
  • Circulating vitamin D concentrations show significant associations with key perinatal outcomes in this population.
  • These findings underscore the importance of assessing and managing vitamin D status in ELBW infants.
Abstract

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