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Empathic Neural Responses Predict Group Allegiance.

Don A Vaughn1,2, Ricky R Savjani3, Mark S Cohen1

  • 1Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|August 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Neural empathy responses are biased by group affiliation, with stronger reactions to ingroup members. This brain activity can predict ingroup versus outgroup status, even for arbitrary groups.

Keywords:
affectempathyingroupmachine learningmind readingpainreligionsocial neuroscience

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Observing pain in others activates similar brain regions as experiencing personal pain.
  • This neural mirroring is influenced by social factors like intentions, circumstances, and group identity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if minimal group-differentiating information (e.g., religious labels) modulates neural empathic responses.
  • To determine if neural activity patterns can predict ingroup and outgroup distinctions across different contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed painful events involving hands labeled with either their own or a different religion.
  • Multivariate classification analysis used activity in empathy-related brain regions to distinguish ingroup from outgroup.
  • Classifier performance was tested on validation experiments with arbitrary group assignments.

Main Results:

  • Empathic responses were significantly larger for ingroup members compared to outgroup members.
  • The magnitude of this ingroup bias positively correlated with self-reported empathy levels.
  • A machine learning classifier accurately distinguished ingroup from outgroup (72% accuracy) based on neural activity, generalizing across different group definitions.

Conclusions:

  • Neural empathy networks are sensitive to group affiliations, including those based on minimal or arbitrary distinctions.
  • Brain activity patterns can objectively identify and generalize ingroup/outgroup classifications.
  • Findings suggest potential for objective measurement of group affiliations and intervention effectiveness.