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Related Concept Videos

Elements and Compounds01:27

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
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Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
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DNA methylation reprogramming of functional elements during mammalian embryonic development.

Congru Li1,2,3, Yong Fan4, Guoqiang Li2

  • 11Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191 Beijing, China.

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DNA methylation reprogramming is crucial for mammalian development. This study reveals conserved dynamics in human and mouse embryos, linking epigenetic changes in functional elements to organ development.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Genomics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Mammalian Embryogenesis

Background:

  • DNA methylation is vital for embryonic development.
  • Reprogramming of DNA methylation in functional elements during mammalian embryogenesis requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate and compare genome-wide DNA methylomes of human and mouse gametes and early embryos.
  • To investigate the dynamics of DNA methylation in functional elements during mammalian early embryogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified MethylC-Seq library generation method and the post-bisulphite adapter-tagging (PBAT) method.
  • Generated single-base resolution genome-wide DNA methylomes.
  • Compared human and mouse methylomes.

Main Results:

  • DNA methylation dynamics in functional elements are conserved between humans and mice, with exceptions in satellite repeats.
  • Oocyte-specific hypomethylated promoters (often low CpG density) are linked to broader hypomethylation in oocytes and correlate with gene expression.
  • Enhancer methylation reprogramming during early embryogenesis is associated with the development of most human organs.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation reprogramming in functional elements is conserved across mammalian species during early development.
  • Specific hypomethylation patterns in oocytes are linked to gene expression regulation.
  • Epigenetic modifications during embryogenesis are critical for organ development.