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Unconscious semantic processing of polysemous words is not automatic.

Benjamin Rohaut1,2,3,4, F-Xavier Alario5, Jacqueline Meadow2,3

  • 1Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.

Neuroscience of Consciousness
|August 16, 2018
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Summary

Unconscious word processing is not automatic. This study shows that conscious context and response hand influence how masked words are understood, challenging previous assumptions about automaticity in semantic processing.

Keywords:
consciousnessevent-related potentialspolysemysemantic primingsubliminal perceptionunconscious processing

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Semantic processing of words can be observed behaviorally and neurophysiologically.
  • Signatures of semantic processing extend to unconsciously perceived words, challenging the distinction between conscious and unconscious processing.
  • Previous views suggested unconscious processing is automatic and modular, unlike controlled conscious processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reexamine the evidence for automaticity of unconscious semantic processing, particularly regarding polysemous words.
  • To investigate the influence of conscious semantic context on unconscious processing of polysemous words.
  • To explore the role of response-code in modulating unconscious semantic priming.

Main Methods:

  • Combined behavioral and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a lexical decision task.
  • Presented masked polysemous words preceded by context words biasing one meaning.
  • Analyzed semantic priming effects on target words based on conscious context and response hand.

Main Results:

  • Semantic priming of masked polysemous words was significantly influenced by the conscious semantic context, similar to visible words.
  • Unconscious semantic priming was observed behaviorally and electrophysiologically, but only when participants responded with their right hand.
  • Both conscious context and response-code demonstrated strong influences on unconscious semantic processing.

Conclusions:

  • Unconscious verbal semantic representations are not automatic and are subject to top-down influences.
  • Conscious context and response-related factors play a crucial role in shaping unconscious semantic processing.
  • The findings challenge the modularity and automaticity assumptions of unconscious word processing.