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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
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Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

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Overview
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Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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Visualization of Recombinant DNA and Protein Complexes Using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Approaches for Determining DNA Persistence Length Using Atomic Force Microscopy.

Justin P Peters1, L James Maher2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals how DNA mechanical properties change with base stacking and electrostatics. Ten AFM methods combined offer reliable DNA persistence length measurements.

Keywords:
Atomic force microscopyDNA mechanicsPersistence lengthThymidine analogsWormlike chain model

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a key technique for visualizing biological molecules at the nanoscale.
  • Understanding DNA's mechanical properties is crucial for molecular biology and nanotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of electrostatics and base stacking on DNA mechanical properties.
  • To determine the persistence length of DNA using multiple AFM imaging approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized AFM to image double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules.
  • Incorporated neutral and charged base modifications into DNA.
  • Developed and applied ten complementary AFM-based methods for persistence length determination.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the dependence of DNA mechanical properties on electrostatic interactions and base stacking strength.
  • Quantified DNA persistence length using a suite of AFM techniques.
  • Showcased the increased statistical reliability and confidence from combining multiple measurement approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of ten AFM approaches provides a robust method for measuring DNA persistence length.
  • This study enhances the understanding of DNA mechanics influenced by base modifications and electrostatics.
  • AFM is a versatile tool for probing the physical properties of modified DNA polymers.