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Hypophosphataemia in infants with CHD treated with amino acid infant formula

Luise V Marino1, Prathana Venkatesh2, Andy Ho3

  • 11Department of Dietetics/SLT,University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust,UK.

Cardiology in the Young
|August 16, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) given amino acid infant formula experienced increased hypophosphataemia and reduced weight gain. Close monitoring of nutritional status is crucial for these vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) often exhibit poor growth due to multifactorial causes.
  • Hypophosphataemia has been observed in infants and children with complex medical needs on amino acid-based infant formulas.
  • The study addresses the incidence of hypophosphataemia in infants with CHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To audit the incidence of hypophosphataemia in infants diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD).
  • To investigate the association between amino acid infant formula consumption and phosphate levels in infants with CHD.
  • To evaluate the impact of hypophosphataemia on weight gain in infants with CHD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective electronic patient record search for infants with CHD consuming amino acid infant formula.
  • Exclusion of infants under 1 year and those with structurally normal hearts.
  • Analysis of serum phosphate levels and weight-for-age z scores before and after formula introduction.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in hypophosphataemia prevalence was observed post-introduction of amino acid infant formula (15% to 29%, p=0.049).
  • Mean serum phosphate levels significantly decreased after consuming the formula (2.0±0.5 to 1.5±0.5 mmol/L, p<0.0001).
  • Infants with CHD and hypophosphataemia showed significantly lower weight gain (z scores -2.1±1.4 vs -0.9±1.5, p<0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Amino acid infant formula use is associated with a higher prevalence of hypophosphataemia in infants with CHD.
  • Low phosphate levels in infants with CHD on this formula correlate with reduced weight gain.
  • Enhanced nutritional monitoring is essential for infants with CHD prescribed amino acid infant formula to ensure adequate growth.
Abstract

Keywords:
CHDamino acid infant formulagrowthhypophosphataemia

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