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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Measurements of Strain01:27

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Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
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Strain Energy01:13

Strain Energy

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Strain energy is a fundamental concept in the field of materials science and structural engineering, describing the energy absorbed by a material or structure when it is deformed under load.
Consider a rod that is fixed at one end and subjected to an axial force at the free end. This axial force induces stress within the rod, leading to its elongation. As the axial force increases, so does the elongation of the rod, illustrating a direct relationship between the force applied and the resulting...
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Problem Solving on Stress and Strain01:22

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Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
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Stress-Strain Diagram01:10

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A stress-strain diagram is a crucial tool that graphically displays a material's mechanical characteristics. This diagram is derived from a tensile test performed on a carefully prepared cylindrical specimen. The specimen has two gauge marks inscribed on its central part, and the distance between these marks is known as the gauge length. The cylindrical specimen is placed in a testing machine, which applies an increasing centric load. As this load grows, so does the gauge length. This...
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Measurement of Compressive Stress-Strain Response at Small-Strains
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What's in a (Sub)strain?

Jill M Goldstein1, Amy J Wagers2

  • 1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Stem Cell Reports
|August 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

C57BL/6J mice have a non-functional Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase (Nnt) gene, unlike C57BL/6N mice. This genetic difference leads to increased oxidative stress and impaired hematopoietic stem cell function in C57BL/6J mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N are common mouse models in stem cell research.
  • Genetic variations between these substrains can lead to significant phenotypic differences.
  • The Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase (Nnt) gene is crucial for cellular redox balance.

Discussion:

  • Morales-Hernández et al. highlight a key genetic difference: the disruption of the Nnt gene in C57BL/6J mice.
  • This Nnt disruption results in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
  • Impaired hematopoietic progenitor cell function is observed in C57BL/6J mice compared to C57BL/6N mice.

Key Insights:

  • The Nnt gene's functional status is a critical determinant of hematopoietic progenitor cell function.
  • Mice with disrupted Nnt exhibit increased susceptibility to oxidative stress.
  • Researchers must consider substrain-specific genetic differences when using C57BL/6 mice for stem cell studies.

Outlook:

  • Future research should investigate strategies to mitigate oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice.
  • Understanding Nnt's role can inform therapeutic approaches for hematopoietic disorders.
  • Standardizing mouse models or accounting for genetic variations is essential for reproducible stem cell research.