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Sediment in-situ bioremediation by immobilized microbial activated beads: Pilot-scale study
Dafang Fu1, Rajendra Prasad Singh1, Xinde Yang1
1School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
Journal of Environmental Management
|August 16, 2018
Summary
Microbial activated beads effectively remediated sediment in a field study. This approach significantly reduced ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), total nitrogen (TN), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in overlying water.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Microbiology
- Water Treatment
Background:
- Sediment contamination poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems.
- In-situ bioremediation offers a sustainable solution for treating contaminated sediments.
- Microbial activated beads can enhance bioremediation efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of in-situ bioremediation using immobilized microbial activated beads.
- To assess the removal rates of key pollutants in overlying water and sediment.
- To evaluate the impact of environmental factors on bioremediation performance.
Main Methods:
- Immobilized microbial activated beads were prepared using calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, activated carbon, attapulgite, sodium alginate, microbial liquid, and polyvinyl alcohol.
- A field study was conducted to apply the beads to contaminated sediment.
- Pollutant concentrations (NH₄⁺-N, TN, COD, TOC) and microbial populations were monitored before and after treatment.
Main Results:
- Overlying water showed high removal rates: 61.8% for NH₄⁺-N, 87.5% for TN, and 87.1% for COD.
- Sediment analysis revealed removal rates of 46.5% for TOC, 50.7% for TN, 39.2% for heterotrophic bacteria, and 73.2% for sulfur bacteria.
- Optimal bioremediation occurred at 25-30°C with DO levels of 2-3 mg/L and pH 7.0-8.0.
Conclusions:
- In-situ bioremediation with microbial activated beads is a highly effective method for sediment and water quality improvement.
- The study demonstrates significant reductions in key pollutants, highlighting the potential for ecological restoration.
- Optimized environmental conditions enhance the performance of microbial activated beads in bioremediation processes.
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