Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
Published on: August 2, 2019
Two-dimensional structures of electron bunches in relativistic plasma cavities
Lars Reichwein1, Johannes Thomas1, Alexander Pukhov1
1Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Abstract:
The spatial structure of an ultralow-emittance electron bunch in a plasma wakefield blowout regime is studied. The full Liénard-Wiechert potentials are considered for mutual interparticle interactions in the framework of the equilibrium slice model. This model uses the quasistatic theory which allows one to solve the Liénard-Wiechert potentials without knowledge of the electrons' history. The equilibrium structure we find is similar to already observed hexagonal lattices but shows topological defects. Scaling laws for interparticle distances are obtained from numerical simulations and analytical estimations.
More Related Videos
09:23Assessing Two-dimensional Crystallization Trials of Small Membrane Proteins for Structural Biology Studies by Electron Crystallography
Published on: October 29, 2010
10:31Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy of N-polar InAlN-barrier High-electron-mobility Transistors
Published on: November 24, 2016
Related Concept Videos
Electronic Structure of Atoms
An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
Oral Cavity
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
Nose and Nasal Cavity
Structures of Solids
Electron Carriers
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...