Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Carbon Skeletons

Carbon Skeletons

Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...

Protein Networks

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...

Protein Networks

Protein Networks

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

Overview of the Axial Skeleton

Overview of the Axial Skeleton

The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the...

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Survey on graph embeddings and their applications to machine learning problems on graphs.

PeerJ. Computer science·2021

Same author

Correction to 'Intermediacy of publications'.

Royal Society open science·2020

Same author

Intermediacy of publications.

Royal Society open science·2020

Same author

War pact model of shrinking networks.

PloS one·2019

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

Published on: May 7, 2016

Convex skeletons of complex networks.

Lovro Šubelj¹

¹Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia lovro.subelj@fri.uni-lj.si.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

|August 17, 2018

Summary

We introduce convex skeletons, a novel network backbone that preserves key network properties and strengthens connections. This method identifies the most convex part of complex networks, offering unique shortest paths.

Keywords:

complex networks convex skeletons network backbones network convexity

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

Published on: December 15, 2023

Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles

Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles

Published on: October 15, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

Published on: May 7, 2016

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

Published on: December 15, 2023

Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles

Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles

Published on: October 15, 2014

Area of Science:

Network Science
Graph Theory
Data Analysis

Background:

Complex networks exhibit intricate structures and relationships.
Identifying core network structures like backbones is crucial for understanding network properties.
Existing methods like spanning trees or high-betweenness backbones may not fully capture essential network characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To define and extract convex skeletons from empirical networks.
To investigate the properties and applications of convex skeletons.
To compare convex skeletons with other network backbone extraction methods.

Main Methods:

Definition of convex networks and convex skeletons.
Development and application of algorithms for extracting convex skeletons.
Analysis of extracted convex skeletons in various empirical networks (social, biological, technological).

Main Results:

Convex skeletons retain essential network properties: degree distribution, clustering, connectivity, distances, node positions, and community structure.
Convex skeletons make shortest paths between nodes largely unique.
In coauthorship networks, convex skeletons identify the strongest author ties, outperforming spanning trees and other backbone methods.

Conclusions:

Convex skeletons provide a robust and informative representation of network backbones.
This method offers a generalized approach to network spanning trees, incorporating cliques.
Convex skeletons have significant applications in analyzing social collaboration networks and other complex systems.