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Related Concept Videos

Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
7.0K
Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

3.8K
Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
3.8K
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

4.1K
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
4.1K
Joints01:26

Joints

35.8K
Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents
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Proposal for a Radiological Classification System for Carpo-Metacarpal Joint Dislocations with or without Fractures.

G T Pundkare1, S S Deshpande1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India.

Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal
|August 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new classification for CarpoMetacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations categorizes injuries into Dorsal, Volar, and Divergent types. This system aids in surgical planning and prognosis for these complex hand injuries.

Keywords:
carpo-metacarpal (CMC) jointclassificationdislocation

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Hand Surgery
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • CarpoMetacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations are rare, accounting for 1% of hand injuries.
  • These injuries can significantly impair hand function.
  • Existing literature lacks a comprehensive classification for complex CMC joint dislocations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a new classification system for CarpoMetacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations.
  • To establish a reproducible and practical method for categorizing these injuries.
  • To aid in surgical management and prognostic evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of eight patients with CMC joint dislocations.
  • Development of a new classification system based on dislocation direction (Dorsal, Volar, Divergent).
  • Treatment involved open reduction with Kirschner wire fixation, followed by radiographic and functional assessments.

Main Results:

  • The classification identified three primary types (A: Dorsal, B: Volar, C: Divergent) with subtypes.
  • Patient outcomes showed significant improvement in quick DASH scores from 75.76 to 1.9.
  • High intra-observer and inter-observer reliability (score of 1) was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed CMC joint dislocation classification is simple, comprehensive, and reproducible.
  • It offers clinical relevance for surgical planning and predicting patient outcomes.
  • This system facilitates clear communication among healthcare professionals regarding CMC joint injuries.