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Related Concept Videos

Dimensional Analysis03:40

Dimensional Analysis

64.9K
Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
The unit...
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Dimensional Analysis01:27

Dimensional Analysis

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Dimensional analysis is a valuable technique in fluid mechanics for simplifying complex problems by reducing them into dimensionless groups. These groups capture the essential relationships between the variables involved, allowing researchers and engineers to analyze fluid flow without dealing with each variable individually. This approach reduces the number of independent variables, allowing for easier analysis and better understanding of physical phenomena.
In fluid mechanics, dimensional...
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Dimensional Analysis01:23

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Dimensional analysis is a powerful tool that is used in physics and engineering to understand and predict the behavior of physical systems. The basic idea behind dimensional analysis is to express physical quantities in terms of fundamental dimensions such as the mass, length, and time. Derived dimensions like the velocity, acceleration, and force are derived from the combinations of these fundamental dimensions.
Dimensional analysis allows us to analyze and compare physical quantities on a...
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Dimensional Analysis02:19

Dimensional Analysis

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The concept of dimension is important because every mathematical equation linking physical quantities must be dimensionally consistent, implying that mathematical equations must meet the following two rules. The first rule is that, in an equation, the expressions on each side of the equal sign must have the same dimensions. This is fairly intuitive since we can only add or subtract quantities of the same type (dimension). The second rule states that, in an equation, the arguments of any of the...
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Problem Solving: Dimensional Analysis01:08

Problem Solving: Dimensional Analysis

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Every mathematical equation that connects separate distinct physical quantities must be dimensionally consistent, which implies it must abide by two rules. For this reason, the concept of dimension is crucial. The first rule is that an equation's expressions on either side of an equality must have the exact same dimension, i.e., quantities of the same dimension can be added or removed. The second rule stipulates that all popular mathematical functions, such as exponential, logarithmic, and...
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Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

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Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Upper Lip Asymmetry During Smiling: An Analysis Using Three-Dimensional Images.

Andrew Mathis1, Daniel M Laskin2, Eser Tüfekçi3

  • 1Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

Turkish Journal of Orthodontics
|August 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Upper lip asymmetry is rare at rest but common when smiling, affecting 22% of individuals. This finding is crucial for orthodontic and orthognathic surgery planning to ensure optimal aesthetic outcomes.

Keywords:
Estheticsorthodonticsorthognathic surgerysmilingthree-dimensional images

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Area of Science:

  • Facial anatomy
  • Aesthetic medicine
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Upper lip asymmetry can impact facial aesthetics.
  • Understanding asymmetry at rest versus dynamic states is crucial for treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess upper lip asymmetry at rest and during smiling using 3D imaging.
  • To identify reliable facial landmarks for symmetry evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • 3D frontal images of 54 volunteers were analyzed using 3dMDvultus software.
  • Measurements were taken from facial landmarks to lip commissures.
  • Asymmetry was defined as a difference of ≥2.5 mm between sides.

Main Results:

  • Menton was the most stable landmark for symmetry assessment (p=0.002).
  • Only one subject (2%) showed asymmetry at rest.
  • Twelve subjects (22%) exhibited asymmetry during smiling.

Conclusions:

  • Upper lip asymmetry is significantly more prevalent during smiling than at rest.
  • Evaluation of lip symmetry in both resting and smiling states is essential for orthodontic and orthognathic surgery planning.
  • Informing patients about potential asymmetry effects on aesthetic results is clinically important.