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Integrated externally and internally generated task predictions jointly guide cognitive control in prefrontal cortex.

Jiefeng Jiang1, Anthony D Wagner1,2, Tobias Egner3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain integrates external cues and past experiences to predict upcoming tasks, prioritizing internal predictions. This integration in the prefrontal cortex helps prepare for changing task demands.

Keywords:
cognitive controlhumanneuroscienceprefrontal cortexselective attentiontask switch

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cognitive control enables proactive information processing based on expected task demands.
  • Predictions for task demands arise from external cues or internal cognitive history.
  • The neural mechanisms for integrating these prediction sources remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the brain reconciles external cues and cognitive history for task preparation.
  • To identify the neural substrates involved in integrating dual sources of task prediction.
  • To understand the role of different prefrontal cortex regions in proactive and reactive control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a probabilistic task-switching paradigm combined with computational modeling.
  • Employed model-based neuroimaging (fMRI) to examine brain activity.
  • Analyzed neural representations of task demand likelihood and reactive adjustments.

Main Results:

  • External and internal predictions jointly guide task preparation, with a bias towards internal predictions.
  • Integration of prediction sources occurs in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
  • Frontoparietal cortex encodes the likelihood of task demand changes.
  • Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex signals the need for reactive task-set adjustments.

Conclusions:

  • The human brain integrates external cues and cognitive history to proactively prepare for upcoming tasks.
  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays a key role in integrating prediction sources.
  • Frontoparietal and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex contribute to adaptive cognitive control.