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Normative Data for the Sway Balance System.

Benjamin L Brett1,2,3, Scott L Zuckerman1,4, Douglas P Terry5,6,7,8

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This study found that age and sex significantly impact balance and reaction time in youth using the Sway Balance System. Normative data are provided for concussion assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biometrics

Background:

  • Static balance, postural stability, and reaction time are frequently impaired following sport-related concussions.
  • The Sway Balance System, utilizing iOS mobile device accelerometers, measures postural sway and reaction time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normative data for the Sway Balance System in children and adolescents.
  • To investigate age and sex-related differences in balance and reaction time using this system.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 3763 participants aged 9-21 years.
  • Participants completed the Sway Balance System Sports protocol, including acclimation and baseline tests.
  • Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the effects of age and sex.

Main Results:

  • Both age and sex demonstrated significant effects on Sway Balance and Reaction Time scores (P < 0.001).
  • Older participants generally exhibited better balance and reaction times compared to younger ones.
  • Girls outperformed boys in balance, while boys showed faster reaction times.

Conclusions:

  • Age and sex are critical factors when interpreting Sway Balance System scores in youth.
  • The study provides essential age- and sex-based normative values for the Sway Balance System.
  • These normative data will aid in the assessment and management of concussions in young athletes.