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    This study introduces a polarization-independent fast Brillouin optical time domain analysis (F-BOTDA) system. It achieves high-speed dynamic strain sensing by eliminating polarization fading and improving signal-to-noise ratio.

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    Area of Science:

    • Fiber Optic Sensing
    • Distributed Sensing Systems
    • Optical Metrology

    Background:

    • Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) is crucial for distributed strain sensing.
    • Traditional BOTDA systems suffer from polarization fading and limited sensing speed.
    • Dynamic strain events require faster and more robust sensing techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a polarization-independent fast BOTDA (F-BOTDA) system.
    • To achieve high-speed, long-range, and accurate dynamic strain measurements.
    • To overcome limitations of conventional BOTDA methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized pump frequency modulation with an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) for rapid Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) reconstruction.
    • Implemented a polarization diversity technique to mitigate polarization fading.
    • Employed cyclic coding to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a polarization-independent F-BOTDA system.
    • Achieved a sensing speed of 440 Hz over a ~2 km single-mode fiber.
    • Obtained a spatial resolution of 1.5 m, successfully identifying vibration events up to 40 Hz.
    • Eliminated the need for trace averaging, significantly increasing measurement efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed F-BOTDA scheme effectively enables polarization-independent, high-speed distributed dynamic strain sensing.
    • The system demonstrates robustness against polarization variations and improved SNR.
    • This advancement is suitable for real-time monitoring of dynamic strain events in various applications.