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Related Concept Videos

Action Potentials01:41

Action Potentials

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Overview
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Action Potential01:31

Action Potential

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
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Action Potential01:14

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

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The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
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Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation01:28

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

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The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...
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Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
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Action-effect contingency modulates the readiness potential.

Tiziana Vercillo1, Sean O'Neil2, Fang Jiang2

  • 1Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.

Neuroimage
|August 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anticipating sensory feedback from actions involves premotor brain activity, specifically readiness potentials. This brain activity may serve as a neural marker for predictive mechanisms in sensorimotor integration.

Keywords:
Predictive processesReadiness potentialsSensorimotorSensory suppression

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Anticipating future events is crucial for survival.
  • Predictive processing is thought to originate from the motor system.
  • Sensory inputs may be modulated to enhance sensorimotor integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of readiness potentials in sensorimotor integration.
  • Examine premotor brain activity (readiness potentials) in fronto-parietal areas.
  • Determine if readiness potentials reflect predictive mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded electroencephalography (EEG) data.
  • Utilized three conditions: motor, visual, and visuomotor.
  • Measured evoked potentials before motor action and/or after visual stimulus appearance.

Main Results:

  • Anticipating action-induced visual feedback modulated readiness potential amplitude.
  • Enhanced visual N1 amplitude and reduced visual P2 amplitude were observed for action-induced stimuli.
  • Premotor brain activity appears to reflect predictive processes in sensorimotor binding.

Conclusions:

  • Readiness potentials may serve as a neural marker for predictive mechanisms.
  • Premotor activity is involved in integrating sensory information with motor commands.
  • The findings support the role of the motor system in predictive processing.