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Three-dimensional long-period waveguide gratings for mode-division-multiplexing applications.

Wei Jin, Kin Seng Chiang

    Optics Express
    |August 18, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a novel 3D long-period grating for polymer waveguides, enabling efficient mode conversion. This flexible grating structure and fabrication process advance integrated photonic devices, particularly for mode-division multiplexing (MDM) applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Waveguide Technology
    • Integrated Optics
    • Nanofabrication

    Background:

    • Conventional 2D waveguide gratings face design constraints due to mode symmetry.
    • Efficient mode conversion is crucial for advanced optical communication systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a versatile 3D long-period grating structure for polymer waveguides.
    • To demonstrate its application in high-efficiency mode converters and multiplexers.

    Main Methods:

    • A single photolithography process with partial etching through a patterned waveguide mask.
    • Fabrication of 3D grating structures with controllable width and depth on waveguide surfaces.
    • Integration of grating-based mode converters with asymmetric directional couplers.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved mode-conversion efficiencies exceeding 90% at resonance wavelengths.
    • Demonstrated a three-mode multiplexer using the proposed grating structure.
    • Showcased flexibility in designing mode converters for nondegenerate guided modes.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed 3D grating structure offers enhanced design flexibility for waveguide mode converters.
    • The fabrication process is compatible with developing advanced grating-based photonic devices.
    • This technology significantly facilitates mode-division multiplexing (MDM) applications.