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Related Concept Videos

Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

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Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
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Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
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Perception01:28

Perception

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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
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Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Extrasensory Perception01:23

Extrasensory Perception

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Extrasensory perception, or ESP, suggests the ability to perceive events beyond the conventional senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Parapsychologists, who research ESP and related psychic phenomena, categorize ESP into three main types: precognition, telepathy, and clairvoyance.
Precognition involves foreseeing future events, such as predicting an accident before it happens. An example of precognition could be someone dreaming about a specific event, like a car crash, which then occurs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Pain Perception and Migraine.

Antonio Russo1,2, Gianluca Coppola3, Francesco Pierelli4,5

  • 1Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic, and Aging Sciences, Headache Center, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, ", Naples, Italy.

Frontiers in Neurology
|August 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraine patients show a lower pain threshold during attacks compared to between attacks. Pain intensity perception increases during migraine attacks but returns to normal afterward, though more research is needed.

Keywords:
headachemigrainepain intensity perceptionpain measurementpain processingpain thresholdtemporal summation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Individual differences in pain perception are significant, particularly in migraine.
  • Electrophysiology and neuroimaging have advanced migraine understanding, but pain perception characteristics remain debated.
  • The exact nature of pain threshold and intensity perception in migraine requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review clinical, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging studies on migraine pain perception.
  • To investigate changes in pain threshold and intensity across different migraine phases and phenotypes.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on the "migraine cycle" and its impact on sensory processing.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search using keywords: migraine, pain, headache, temporal summation, quantitative sensory testing, threshold, pain intensity, and neuroimaging.
  • Inclusion of full-text, English-language, peer-reviewed articles from PubMed and Google Scholar.
  • Manual reference list checking of identified research and review articles.

Main Results:

  • Pain threshold is consistently lower during the ictal (attack) phase versus interictal (between attack) phases and healthy controls for various stimuli.
  • Evidence suggests preictal (before attack) hypersensitivity (sub-allodynia), while interictal pain threshold findings are conflicting.
  • Migraine attacks are associated with increased pain intensity perception, which normalizes post-attack.

Conclusions:

  • Migraine is characterized by reduced pain thresholds during attacks and potentially before attacks.
  • Increased pain intensity perception is a feature of migraine attacks, normalizing between episodes.
  • Further longitudinal studies are needed to assess interventions and disease parameters across the migraine cycle.