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Related Concept Videos

Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption01:19

Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption

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The process of oral drug absorption can be influenced by several factors. Weakly acidic drugs tend to be absorbed more readily from the stomach due to their nonionized state. However, absorption may be less efficient in the upper intestine, where drugs are often ionized. Interestingly, despite the stomach's apparent advantage for drug absorption, its mucous layer can hinder diffusion. Its surface area is also smaller than the intestine's, which can further slow down the absorption rate.
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters01:23

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters

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Drug absorption involves the movement of drugs from the point of administration into the systemic circulation. Initially, Gastrointestinal (GI) motility propels the drug through the digestive tract and into the stomach. However, the stomach's high acidity and limited surface area restrict its role in drug absorption for most drugs. The drug then moves from the stomach to the small intestine via gastric emptying, which can be slowed by various factors, including interactions with other...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

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Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters

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The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

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The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Factors Affecting the Absorption of Subcutaneously Administered Insulin: Effect on Variability.

A K J Gradel1,2, T Porsgaard2, J Lykkesfeldt1

  • 1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section of Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Journal of Diabetes Research
|August 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Understanding insulin absorption variability is key for diabetes management. Factors like insulin type, injection site, and technique impact absorption, affecting glucose control.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Mellitus Research

Background:

  • Variability in subcutaneous insulin absorption poses a significant challenge in achieving target glucose levels for individuals with diabetes.
  • Understanding these absorption dynamics is crucial for optimizing glycemic control and long-term patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight factors influencing insulin absorption from subcutaneous tissue.
  • To provide a detailed description of the insulin absorption process and modifications in available insulin preparations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on factors affecting subcutaneous insulin absorption.
  • Analysis of physiological factors at the injection site.
  • Examination of insulin preparations and their absorption characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Insulin absorption variability is influenced by insulin formulation, patient-specific factors (injection site), and injection technique.
  • Physiological conditions at the injection site play a critical role in absorption rates.
  • Different insulin preparations incorporate modifications to alter their absorption profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing variability in insulin absorption requires a comprehensive understanding of influencing factors.
  • Optimizing insulin therapy necessitates considering the interplay between the drug, the patient, and the administration method.
  • Further research into absorption mechanisms can lead to improved diabetes management strategies.