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Related Concept Videos

Self-Locking Screw01:16

Self-Locking Screw

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A square-threaded screw jack is a mechanical device widely used for lifting heavy loads or applying considerable force. One of the key features that can make a screw jack more effective and reliable is its self-locking capability.
A square-threaded screw jack carrying a load is considered self-locking if the screw retains its position even after the moment applied to it is removed.
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Pulse01:16

Pulse

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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
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Pulse01:05

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The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

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Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
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Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
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Regulation of Pulse01:20

Regulation of Pulse

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Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

In Situ Surface Temperature Measurement in a Conveyor Belt Furnace via Inline Infrared Thermography
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Lock-in and pulsed thermography for solar cell testing.

L Muzika, M Švantner, M Kučera

    Applied Optics
    |August 18, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Flash-pulse thermography (FPT) is faster but less sensitive than LED illuminated lock-in (LEDILIT) for detecting solar cell defects. LEDILIT effectively identifies photovoltaic-related defects, while FPT detects some major defects and subsurface inhomogeneities.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Semiconductor Physics
    • Photovoltaics

    Background:

    • Solar cell inspection is critical for photovoltaic module performance.
    • Defects, even minor ones, significantly impact efficiency.
    • LED illuminated lock-in (LEDILIT) is a common inspection method.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate flash-pulse thermography (FPT) for multicrystalline solar cell defect inspection.
    • To compare FPT with the established LEDILIT technique.
    • To determine the suitability of FPT for detecting various solar cell defects.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of LED illuminated lock-in (LEDILIT) and flash-pulse thermography (FPT).
    • Experimental setup description for both thermographic techniques.

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  • Inspection of multicrystalline solar cells with induced and natural defects.

    • Main Results:

    • LEDILIT effectively detected local shunts, cracks, and laser-induced defects related to the photovoltaic effect.
    • FPT identified only the most significant shunts and laser-induced defects.
    • FPT revealed a subsurface inhomogeneity not detected by LEDILIT, indicating its potential for non-photovoltaic related defect detection.

    Conclusions:

    • LEDILIT is superior for detecting defects impacting the photovoltaic effect in solar cells.
    • FPT offers a faster inspection alternative, capable of identifying certain defects and subsurface issues.
    • The choice between LEDILIT and FPT depends on the specific inspection requirements and defect types.