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    This study presents a continuously tunable beam deflector using indium-tin-oxide (ITO) gratings and liquid crystals. The device achieves a high diffraction angle and efficiency for advanced optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Efficient beam deflectors are crucial for various optical systems.
    • A need exists for continuously tunable beam deflectors with high angular resolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a continuously tunable transmission-type beam deflector.
    • To achieve high angular resolution and diffraction efficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized indium-tin-oxide (ITO) patterned on glass substrates.
    • Employed a small pixel pitch (6 μm) grating and a minimal cell gap (2.5 μm) with high-birefringence liquid crystal.
    • Developed a 360-channel integrated circuit (IC) for continuous control and a driving module.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a maximum diffraction angle of 2.541° at a 532 nm wavelength.
    • Observed a diffraction efficiency of approximately 50.9% at the maximum diffraction angle.
    • Demonstrated continuous beam steering capabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed beam deflector offers high performance for tunable optical steering.
    • The integration of ITO, liquid crystals, and advanced driving circuitry enables precise beam control.
    • This technology holds promise for applications requiring efficient and adaptable light manipulation.