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    We introduce a novel optical coupler for chemical sensing. Its coupling period changes with liquid refractive index, enabling detection of adulterants in beverages and medical samples.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Sensing
    • Optical Engineering
    • Chemical Detection

    Background:

    • Optical waveguide couplers are crucial for sensing applications.
    • Existing methods for chemical detection via optical means require novel approaches for enhanced sensitivity and specificity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel thin multi-trench-assisted optical coupler for multi-sensing chemical detection.
    • To demonstrate the tunability of the coupler's properties by altering the refractive index of trench-filling liquids.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes using the scalar finite difference method (FDM).
    • Propagation of eigenmode profiles (approximated as Gaussian pulses) along the multi-trench structure.
    • Utilizing variable discretization steps in FDM for enhanced accuracy.

    Main Results:

    • The coupling period of the optical coupler can be effectively tuned by modifying the refractive index of the trench regions.
    • Demonstrated the capability of the coupler to differentiate between various chemicals based on refractive index changes.
    • Validated the design through several examples showcasing different trench configurations and chemical compositions.

    Conclusions:

    • A new scheme for a thin multi-trench-assisted optical coupler has been proposed for chemical sensing.
    • This approach offers a promising method for detecting adulteration in products like beverages and in medical diagnostics.
    • The tunability of the coupling period provides a versatile platform for developing advanced chemical sensors.