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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

36.2K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy01:18

Entropy

3.6K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.6K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

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Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
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Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Entropy within the Cell01:22

Entropy within the Cell

12.9K
A living cell's primary tasks of obtaining, transforming, and using energy to do work may seem simple. However, the second law of thermodynamics explains why these tasks are harder than they appear. None of the energy transfers in the universe are completely efficient. In every energy transfer, some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable. In most cases, this form is heat energy. Thermodynamically, heat energy is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that...
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Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

5.0K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
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A Microfluidic-based Hydrodynamic Trap for Single Particles
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A Microfluidic-based Hydrodynamic Trap for Single Particles

Published on: January 21, 2011

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Inflow Mechanism for Hydrodynamic Entropy.

Felix M Haehl1, R Loganayagam2, Mukund Rangamani3

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.

Physical Review Letters
|August 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Entropy production in hydrodynamics is explained using a novel superspace inflow mechanism. This approach utilizes a quantum field theory formalism that ensures microscopic unitarity and thermal periodicity conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory
  • Hydrodynamics

Background:

  • Understanding entropy production is crucial in hydrodynamics.
  • Existing formalisms for quantum field theories face challenges in incorporating microscopic unitarity and thermal conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new mechanism for understanding entropy production in hydrodynamics.
  • To develop a formalism for effective actions that explicitly includes unitarity and thermal periodicity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a recently developed formalism for constructing effective actions for Schwinger-Keldysh observables.
  • Recasting microscopic unitarity and Kubo-Martin-Schwinger conditions into topological Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin symmetries.

Main Results:

  • The superspace inflow mechanism provides a framework for entropy production in hydrodynamics.
  • The developed formalism successfully incorporates fundamental physical principles into effective actions.

Conclusions:

  • The superspace inflow mechanism offers a new perspective on hydrodynamic entropy.
  • The formalism provides a robust method for analyzing quantum field theories with thermal properties.