A Novel Infant Chest Compression Assist Device Using a Palm Rather Than Fingers: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Objective: We developed a novel compression assist device (palm presser) to perform chest compressions using a palm in infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We hypothesized that the palm presser will increase compression depth without increasing hands-off time and will reduce rescuer fatigue compared with the two-finger technique (TFT).Methods: In this randomized crossover manikin trial, participants performed two minutes of CPR with a 30:2 compression:ventilation ratio using the palm presser and the TFT in randomized sequence on an infant manikin. CPR parameters, including compression depth and hands-off time, were collected to compare CPR quality between the palm presser and the TFT. The linear mixed-effect model was used to control the carryover effect of a crossover design in the analysis of CPR parameters. To evaluate rescuer fatigue, we compared changes in compression depth over time and calculated the odds of sufficiently deep compressions over time between the two groups.Results: The palm presser resulted in greater mean compression depth (41.5 ± 1.6 mm vs. 36.8 ± 5.5 mm, p < 0.001), greater sufficiently deep compressions (80.9 ± 27.8% vs. 42.4 ± 35.4%, p < 0.001), and better correct hand position (99.9 ± 0.5% vs. 83.9 ± 25.3%, p = 0.013) than the TFT. Total compressions, compression rate, total ventilations, volume of ventilations, and hands-off time were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean change in compression depth over time was greater with the TFT than with the palm presser (regression coefficient: -0.024 [95% CI -0.030 to -0.018] vs. -0.004 [95% CI -0.006 to -0.002]). The odds of a compression depth greater than 40 mm increased 2.8 times (95% CI 2.2 to 3.4) with the TFT during the first minute compared with the last minute, whereas the corresponding odds ratio when using the palm presser was not significantly different in the first and last minutes (OR: 1.2 [95% CI 0.9 to 1.5]).Conclusions: Compression with palm pressers resulted in greater compression depth without increasing hands-off time and reduced rescuer fatigue compared with compression with the TFT in simulated infant CPR with manikins.