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    Previous military deployments increase risks for soldiers, including more somatic symptoms, PTSD, and anger. Experienced leaders may foster unit cohesion but also encourage risk-taking behaviors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Military psychology
    • Occupational health
    • Sociology of the military

    Background:

    • Previous deployment experience is a significant factor influencing soldiers' well-being.
    • Understanding the impact of deployment on mental health and unit dynamics is crucial for military readiness.
    • The role of leadership deployment history in shaping unit outcomes requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the association between prior deployment experience and somatic symptoms, mental health, unit climate, anger, and risk-taking in junior-enlisted soldiers.
    • To investigate how unit leader deployment history influences these variables.
    • To compare outcomes between soldiers preparing for deployment and those in garrison settings.

    Main Methods:

    • Cross-sectional survey design involving junior-enlisted soldiers in a combat unit.
    • Data collected from 1,554 soldiers in a predeployment setting and 1,326 soldiers in a garrison setting.
    • Surveys assessed deployment history, health outcomes (somatic symptoms, PTSD, sleep problems), unit climate, anger, risk-taking, and leader deployment history.

    Main Results:

    • Soldiers with prior deployment experience reported more somatic symptoms, PTSD, sleep problems, and anger, with less favorable unit climate perceptions, especially in predeployment.
    • Experienced soldiers in garrison settings also showed higher rates of sleep problems, anger, risk-taking endorsement, and poorer unit climate.
    • Soldiers with experienced leaders engaged in more risk-taking behaviors; predeployment soldiers with experienced leaders reported higher unit cohesion.

    Conclusions:

    • Previous deployments are associated with increased risks for adverse outcomes in soldiers, both before deployment and while in garrison.
    • The effects of military deployment extend beyond traditional phases, necessitating continuous support and monitoring.
    • Experienced leaders may enhance unit cohesion but also influence risk-taking behaviors, warranting further research into their specific contributions.