The emerging landscape of circular RNA in cardiovascular diseases

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a large novel type of endogenous transcripts, have become a new research hotspot in the field of RNA biology. CircRNAs are mainly generated from exons or introns via multiple mechanisms, and the majority of circRNAs are stable and conserved across different species. Recent studies have revealed that circRNAs can function as miRNA sponges, binding partners of proteins, regulators of transcription, or can even be translated into proteins. Growing evidence has demonstrated that circRNAs play important roles in a wide variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and senescence, and may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for various cardiovascular diseases. Here, we review the biogenesis, properties and biological function of circRNAs, and summarize their roles in cardiovascular disorders.