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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
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Related Experiment Videos

Mononuclear phagocyte function in SLE. I. Bipartite Fc- and complement-dependent dysfunction.

R P Kimberly, N L Meryhew, O A Runquist

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |July 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients show impaired immune clearance due to defects in both Fc-mediated and complement-mediated pathways. These clearance dysfunctions correlate with disease activity, particularly in patients with lupus nephritis.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Rheumatology
    • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) research

    Background:

    • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune system dysfunction.
    • The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) plays a crucial role in clearing immune complexes and cellular debris.
    • Dysfunction in MPS clearance mechanisms, involving Fc and complement pathways, is implicated in SLE pathogenesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relative contributions of Fc-mediated and complement-mediated immune clearance to MPS dysfunction in SLE patients.
    • To analyze the kinetic rates of these clearance pathways in SLE patients compared to healthy controls.

    Main Methods:

    • Kinetic analysis of clearance rate data from 32 SLE patients and 49 normal controls.
    • Evaluation of rate constants for complement-mediated phagocytosis (k4) and Fc-mediated clearance (k3).
    • Subgroup analysis based on clinical manifestations (renal vs. nonrenal, active vs. inactive disease).

    Main Results:

    • Significantly lower mean rate constants for both complement-mediated (k4) and Fc-mediated (k3) clearance in SLE patients compared to controls.
    • Fc-mediated clearance (k3) was impaired in most SLE subgroups, except inactive nonrenal patients.
    • Complement-mediated clearance (k4) was impaired in renal SLE patients (active and inactive) but not nonrenal patients.
    • Fc-mediated clearance (k3) correlated significantly with SLE disease activity scores, especially in renal subgroups.
    • Neither clearance pathway correlated with anti-DNA antibodies, complement levels, or circulating immune complexes.

    Conclusions:

    • Both Fc-mediated and complement-mediated clearance mechanisms are defective in SLE patients.
    • Nonrenal SLE patients retain at least one intact clearance mechanism.
    • Immune complex glomerulonephritis in SLE is associated with defects in both Fc- and complement-mediated clearance pathways.