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High-Throughput Screening of Full-Face Clinically Relevant Arterial Variations Using Three-Dimensional Postmortem

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Understanding facial artery variations is crucial for safe filler injections. This study mapped full-face arteries using 3D CT scans to identify risks and improve injection protocols.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Medical Imaging
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Vascular complications from intravascular filler injections, including embolism, pose significant safety risks.
  • Systematic screening of full-face arterial variations is essential for developing evidence-based safe injection protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map full-face arterial variations using advanced imaging techniques.
  • To identify potential risks associated with facial filler injections.
  • To inform the development of safer injection protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D computed tomography (CT) on 22 cadaveric heads for carotid artery contrast infusion.
  • Injected contrast into facial and superficial temporal arteries of 12 additional cadaveric heads sequentially.
  • Reconstructed 3D CT scans using validated algorithms to analyze arterial courses and anastomoses.

Main Results:

  • 3D CT clearly depicted the course, depth, and anastomosis of major arteries in 63 hemifaces.
  • Identified consistent branching patterns of the ophthalmic angiosome to the forehead.
  • Found correlations between facial creases and underlying arteries, with specific percentages for nasolabial and infraorbital trunks.

Conclusions:

  • Full-face arterial variations were mapped using postmortem 3D CT.
  • Facial creases generally correlate with underlying deep arteries.
  • High-resolution identification and reclassification of facial and angular artery variations can guide medical practice.