Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

52.5K
Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
52.5K
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

4.8K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
4.8K
Group Design02:01

Group Design

10.6K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
10.6K
Factorial Design02:01

Factorial Design

13.9K
Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...
13.9K
Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

411
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
411
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

433
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
433

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

pH-Triggered and Targeted Delivery of Curcumin: From Dendritic Polymers to Natural and Synthetic Nanocarriers.

Advanced healthcare materials·2025
Same author

Photophysical behavior of sulfur-oxidized sulfone and trifluoromethyl-BODIPY: Insight into the relationship between crystal structure and tumor cell imaging.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2025
Same author

A novel piperazine-linked BODIPY-pyrimidine anti-tumor fluorescent active drug: targeting mechanism, real-time dynamic imaging and delivery effect of DSPC/DPIC nanoparticles.

Bioorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Multi-component driven fluorescence composite nanospheres coating strategy: Spectral properties, release, tumor imaging and bioactivity evaluation in a simulated gastrointestinal microenvironment.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2025
Same author

Based on sodium alginate coatings and dendritic copolymeric modification of curcumin delivery system: pH-sensitive nanospheres and strong tumor cytotoxicity.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2024
Same author

Correction: Efficacy and safety of teriparatide vs. bisphosphonates and denosumab vs. bisphosphonates in osteoporosis not previously treated with bisphosphonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Archives of osteoporosis·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

8.7K

Design method for freeform optical systems containing diffraction gratings.

Benqi Zhang, Guofan Jin, Jun Zhu

    Optics Express
    |August 19, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new design method for freeform optics with diffraction gratings was developed. This approach enables the creation of high-performance imaging spectrometers with novel designs and diffraction-limited specifications.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Spectroscopy
    • Diffractive Optics

    Background:

    • Designing freeform optical systems with diffraction gratings presents unique challenges.
    • Existing methods may not adequately address the complexities of novel geometries and high-performance requirements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an effective design method for freeform optical systems incorporating diffraction gratings.
    • To enable the calculation of precise starting points for advanced imaging spectrometer designs.

    Main Methods:

    • The method is based on Fermat's principle and Ludwig's grating ray-tracing equation.
    • It provides a systematic approach to designing complex optical systems.

    Main Results:

    More Related Videos

    A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
    08:23

    A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

    Published on: September 30, 2019

    6.7K
    Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water
    08:06

    Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

    Published on: November 8, 2018

    8.6K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

    Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
    08:48

    Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

    Published on: April 20, 2016

    8.7K
    A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
    08:23

    A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

    Published on: September 30, 2019

    6.7K
    Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water
    08:06

    Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

    Published on: November 8, 2018

    8.6K
  • The developed method successfully calculates starting points for freeform diffraction-grating-based imaging spectrometers.
  • Two spectrometers were designed using this method, meeting diffraction-limited specifications.

    • Conclusions:

    • The new design method is effective for freeform optical systems with diffraction gratings.
    • The approach is versatile and can be extended to other dispersive elements like prisms and diffractive optics.