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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Computational Electromagnetics

    Background:

    • Generating precise light patterns is crucial for applications like optical manipulation and microfabrication.
    • Existing methods for engineering focal fields can be complex or limited in flexibility.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a non-iterative inverse method for designing arbitrary uniform-intensity focal fields.
    • To provide a versatile computational approach applicable across different numerical apertures (NA).

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing amplitude, phase, and polarization as adjustable parameters in a computational procedure.
    • Employing an inverse design strategy to determine the necessary input light properties.
    • Validating the method through theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental demonstrations.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully engineered uniform-intensity focal fields with user-defined shapes.
    • Demonstrated the method's effectiveness for low and moderate numerical apertures (NA).
    • Presented simulation results for high NA cases using the Richards-Wolf diffraction integral.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed inverse method offers a powerful and flexible tool for generating custom focal fields.
    • The approach is validated across a range of numerical apertures, enhancing its practical applicability.
    • Potential applications span optical micro machining, optical trapping, and advanced microscopy.