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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic Physics
    • Magnetometry
    • Quantum Sensing

    Background:

    • Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are crucial for detecting weak magnetic fields.
    • Existing OPMs face challenges in sensitivity and operation near zero magnetic field.
    • Cesium (Cs) atomic vapors are widely used due to their favorable spin properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and characterize an optically pumped magnetometer for high-sensitivity measurements.
    • To enable operation in both finite and near-zero magnetic field regimes.
    • To investigate a ground state Hanle resonance technique for zero-field measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized multiple laser beams for pumping and probing spin-polarized Cesium (Cs) atoms.
    • Employed a sensor geometry enabling operation in finite and near-zero fields.
    • Implemented a differential detection scheme with four laser beams to suppress noise.
    • Focused on ground state Hanle resonance for near-zero field operation.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved sensitivities better than 54 fT/Hz1/2 simultaneously for two orthogonal magnetic field components.
    • Demonstrated a minimum Allan deviation below 40 fT for 2s integration times.
    • Validated operation in both offset and near-zero magnetic field conditions.
    • Successfully suppressed technical laser power noise through differential detection.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed optically pumped magnetometer offers high sensitivity and stability.
    • The device is a universal tool for low-frequency magnetic field measurements.
    • The ground state Hanle resonance technique provides effective near-zero field operation.