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Related Experiment Videos

Interchange of callosal and association projections in the developing visual cortex.

G M Innocenti, S Clarke, R Kraftsik

    The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
    |May 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Newly born cat neurons initially projecting to the corpus callosum selectively eliminate this pathway to form permanent connections within the ipsilateral hemisphere, specifically targeting areas 17 and 18. This developmental plasticity highlights a refinement of early corticocortical connections.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Neuroscience
    • Cortical Development

    Background:

    • Early in development, many neurons in the visual cortex (area 17) project to the opposite hemisphere via the corpus callosum.
    • These transient projections are established during the first postnatal week and are crucial for initial interhemispheric communication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the developmental trajectory of neurons in cat area 17 that transiently project through the corpus callosum.
    • To determine if these neurons establish permanent connections and to identify their targets within the developing brain.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized retrograde fluorescent tracers (Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow) injected into specific cortical areas of kittens at different early postnatal ages.
    • Employed double and triple labeling techniques with long-lasting tracers (rhodamine-conjugated latex microspheres) to track neuronal projections over time.

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  • Analyzed neuronal labeling in the second postnatal month to assess the persistence and target specificity of axonal projections.

    • Main Results:

    • Neurons initially projecting callosally (to contralateral areas 17 and 18) were found to eliminate their callosal axon by the second postnatal month.
    • A significant percentage (15-20%) of these neurons could be relabeled by injections into ipsilateral areas 17 and 18, indicating a shift to ipsilateral projections.
    • Simultaneous perinatal injections confirmed that some neurons send bifurcating axons to both contralateral and ipsilateral targets, with subsequent elimination of the callosal branch.

    Conclusions:

    • Neurons in area 17 that transiently project through the corpus callosum during early development likely establish permanent ipsilateral corticocortical connections, primarily to areas 17 and 18.
    • This selective elimination of callosal projections suggests a developmental refinement process, potentially linked to neuronal birth date or differential gene expression.
    • The study highlights the dynamic nature of early corticocortical wiring and the mechanisms underlying pathway selection.