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Contextual-Dependent Attention Effect on Crowded Orientation Signals in Human Visual Cortex.

Nihong Chen1, Pinglei Bao2, Bosco S Tjan3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, nihongch@usc.edu.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|August 19, 2018
PubMed
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Selective attention helps the brain identify targets in cluttered scenes. Attention enhances target feature representation in early visual areas, but its effectiveness varies depending on crowding intensity along the visual pathway.

Keywords:
attentionconsciousnesscrowdingfMRIobject recognitionvisual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Crowding, where nearby stimuli impair target identification, limits conscious perception and object recognition.
  • Understanding neural representations of crowded stimuli is crucial for comprehending visual processing limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how selective attention modulates neural representations of crowded visual targets.
  • To examine the effect of attention on orientation selectivity across different visual areas (V1-V4) under varying crowding conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to measure brain activity.
  • A forward encoding model was used to reconstruct target-specific features from multivoxel activation patterns.
  • Orientation-selective response profiles were analyzed for targets embedded in contexts with weak and strong crowding effects, with and without attention.

Main Results:

  • In weak crowding, attention enhanced orientation selectivity, with this effect increasing along the visual hierarchy (V1-V4).
  • In strong crowding, attention enhanced selectivity in early visual areas but not in V4, indicating a diminished effect downstream.
  • These findings reveal a contextual-dependent role of attention in resolving crowded stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Selective attention differentially impacts the neural representation of crowded targets based on crowding severity.
  • In weak crowding, attention progressively resolves targets along the visual pathway; in strong crowding, attention's benefit diminishes in later stages.
  • The human visual system employs attention to represent target features amidst clutter, with varying efficacy across visual processing stages.