Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method
Published on: October 6, 2017
Effect of fiber incorporation on the contraction stress of composite materials
Andreas Keßler1, Dalia Kaisarly2,3, Reinhard Hickel2
1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany. akessler@dent.med.uni-muenchen.de.
Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the effects of fiber incorporation on the contraction stress (CS), time to gelation (TG), and temperature rise (TR) features of two experimental resin-based composites (RBCs) in comparison to those of bulk-fill RBCs and conventional RBCs in simulated, clinically relevant cavities.
Materials And Methods:
CS over 300 s, TG and TR were assessed by a stress-strain analyzer (SSA T80) in two cavity configurations (2 × 4 × 4 mm3/4 × 4 × 4 mm3/configuration value [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) for two experimental RBCs, eight bulk-fill RBCs (EverX Posterior, Filtek Bulk Fill, SDR, SonicFill, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Venus Bulk Fill, X-tra base, and X-tra Fill) and one RBC (Filtek Supreme XTE) by light curing (1200 mW/cm2) (n = 10). The experimental materials used were based on EverX Posterior with modifications made to the fiber and filler content. Statistical analyses were performed via ANOVA; multiple pair-wise comparisons were performed via Tukey's test, and homogeneous subsets were identified ("multcomp" package, R).
Results:
CS values ranged from 1.00 to 4.07 MPa (2 × 4 × 4 mm3) and from 0.97 to 2.49 MPa (4 × 4 × 4 mm3); TG values ranged from 1.31 to 4.05 s (2 × 4 × 4 mm3) and from 1.39 to 3.84 s (4 × 4 × 4 mm3). SDR values showed lowest stress values in both cavity configurations. The experimental composite with fibers presented significantly higher stress values than did the experimental composite without fibers.
Conclusion:
Bulk-fill RBCs showed lower levels of stress than did conventional RBCs. The incorporation of fibers had no positive impact on the CS and TG.
Clinical Relevance:
Appropriate material selection may be essential to clinical success because certain RBCs exhibit higher CS, TG, and TR values.
Related Concept Videos
Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials
Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials
Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as...
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
Muscle Contraction
Muscle Contraction

