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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

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Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Statistical Software for Data Analysis and Clinical Trials01:12

Statistical Software for Data Analysis and Clinical Trials

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Statistical software is pivotal in data analysis and clinical trials by providing tools to analyze data, draw conclusions, and make predictions. These software packages range from simple data management applications to complex analytical platforms, supporting various statistical tests, models, and simulation techniques. Their significance lies in their ability to handle vast amounts of data with precision and efficiency, enabling researchers to validate hypotheses, identify trends, and make...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
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Developments in anti-complement therapy; from disease to clinical trial.

Claire L Harris1, Richard B Pouw2, David Kavanagh1

  • 1Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Building 26, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.

Molecular Immunology
|August 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The complement system aids immunity but also disease. New anti-complement drugs target kidney, eye, and vascular diseases, with ongoing clinical trials showing both promise and challenges.

Keywords:
Clinical trialComplementDrugEculizumabIndicationTherapeutic

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • The complement system is crucial for innate immunity and tissue repair.
  • However, complement activation also drives or exacerbates numerous diseases.
  • This has spurred the development of anti-complement therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review complement's role in disease pathogenesis.
  • To survey anti-complement drugs in clinical development.
  • To discuss challenges and future directions in complement-targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on complement system and drug development.
  • Analysis of clinical trial progress for anti-complement drugs.
  • Examination of indication validation criteria for complement-mediated diseases.

Main Results:

  • Clinical trials for anti-complement drugs primarily focus on kidney, eye, and vascular diseases.
  • A significant number of drugs are in development, with varying success rates.
  • Challenges in development are driving innovation in next-generation therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Complement system dysregulation is implicated in diverse pathologies.
  • Targeting the complement cascade offers therapeutic potential for various diseases.
  • Continued research and development are essential for effective complement-targeted treatments.