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Published on: September 13, 2024
Nano-engineered delivery systems for cancer imaging and therapy: Recent advances, future direction and patent
Ghazal Nabil1, Ketki Bhise2, Samaresh Sau2
1Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Abstract:
Cancer is the second highest cause of death worldwide. Several therapeutic approaches, such as conventional chemotherapy, antibodies and small molecule inhibitors and nanotherapeutics have been employed in battling cancer. Amongst them, nanotheranostics is an example of successful personalized medicine bearing dual role of early diagnosis and therapy to cancer patients. In this review, we have focused on various types of theranostic polymer and metal nanoparticles for their role in cancer therapy and imaging concerning their limitation, future application such as dendritic cell cancer vaccination, gene delivery, T-cell activation and immune modulation. Also, some of the recorded patent applications and clinical trials have been illustrated. The impact of the biological microenvironment on the biodistribution and accumulation of nanoparticles have been discussed.
Insights
Nanotheranostics, combining polymer and metal nanoparticles, offers dual early diagnosis and therapy for cancer. This review explores their limitations, future applications like cancer vaccination, and clinical trials, highlighting microenvironment impacts.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Oncology
Background:
- Cancer remains a leading global cause of mortality.
- Conventional treatments face limitations in efficacy and specificity.
- Nanotheranostics presents a personalized medicine approach for cancer management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review theranostic polymer and metal nanoparticles for cancer therapy and imaging.
- To discuss limitations and future applications of nanotheranostics.
- To explore the influence of the biological microenvironment on nanoparticle behavior.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of nanotheranostic applications in cancer.
- Analysis of polymer and metal nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic roles.
- Examination of patent applications and clinical trials.
Main Results:
- Nanotheranostics demonstrate potential for early cancer detection and treatment.
- Future applications include cancer vaccination, gene delivery, and immune modulation.
- Biological microenvironment significantly affects nanoparticle biodistribution and accumulation.
Conclusions:
- Nanotheranostic nanoparticles are promising tools for advanced cancer care.
- Further research is needed to overcome limitations and optimize clinical translation.
- Understanding microenvironment interactions is crucial for effective nanotherapeutic design.
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