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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
314
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

305
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure
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Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

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Pediatric Stroke Imaging.

Alexander Khalaf1, Michael Iv1, Heather Fullerton2

  • 1Stanford University and Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Stanford, CA.

Pediatric Neurology
|August 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric stroke requires specific imaging approaches due to unique causes. This review offers a framework for diagnostic imaging in children to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
CTHemorrhagic strokeIschemic strokeMRIPediatric stroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Radiology

Background:

  • Pediatric stroke is a unique condition with distinct causes compared to adult stroke.
  • Diagnostic imaging in pediatric stroke presents specific challenges and considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concepts of pediatric stroke imaging.
  • To offer a framework for providers in managing pediatric stroke patients.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of primary and secondary sources.
  • Focused on common causes, neuroimaging use, findings, and emerging diagnostic techniques.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized literature findings to outline a consensus-based approach to pediatric stroke imaging.
  • Included institutional imaging examples to familiarize readers.

Conclusions:

  • Thoughtful application of diagnostic imaging can help mitigate challenges in pediatric stroke.
  • The goal is to improve outcomes for pediatric stroke patients.