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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development01:30

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The vulva encompasses the external structures of the female reproductive system. At the forefront is the monpubis, a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Once puberty sets in, this area typically grows hair. Extending from just behind the mons pubis are the labia majora (labia = 'lips'; majora = 'larger'), which are larger skin fs olds coated with hair. Nestled within are the labia minora (labia = 'lips'; minora = 'smaller'), which are thinner, more...
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People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Masculinizing Genital Gender Confirmation Surgery.

Miriam Hadj-Moussa1, Shailesh Agarwal2, Dana A Ohl1

  • 1Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Sexual Medicine Reviews
|August 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review summarizes surgical techniques for masculinizing gender confirmation surgery, including phalloplasty procedures, and discusses ancillary services for transgender individuals. It covers pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative considerations for these procedures.

Keywords:
Gender Confirmation SurgeryGender DysphoriaGender ReassignmentMetoidioplastyPhalloplastyTransgender

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Surgical Procedures
  • Gender Affirming Care

Background:

  • Gender dysphoria treatment is multidisciplinary, involving counseling, social transition, hormone therapy, and gender confirmation surgery (GCS).
  • Previous parts of this series covered nonoperative management and feminizing GCS.
  • This article focuses on surgical considerations for masculinizing GCS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of genital and nongenital masculinizing gender confirmation procedures.
  • To review phalloplasty techniques, preoperative considerations, complications, and outcomes.
  • To summarize ancillary services and procedures for transgender patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review via PubMed up to May 2017.

Main Results:

  • Various phalloplasty techniques exist for transgender men seeking genital GCS, with radial forearm phalloplasty being a common preference.
  • Each phalloplasty approach has distinct benefits, drawbacks, and potential complications.
  • Nonsurgical ancillary services are available to support transgender patients' transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Ancillary services and procedures aid transgender individuals in expressing their gender identity.
  • Masculinizing genitoplasty involves comprehensive pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative considerations.