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Related Concept Videos

Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

Natural and Artificial Concepts

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In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint...
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Pleura of the Lungs01:13

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Breathing01:05

Breathing

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

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Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Artificial Lung Device Priming for In Situ Fiber Bundle Surface Grafting
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Artificial Lung Device Priming for In Situ Fiber Bundle Surface Grafting

Published on: March 28, 2025

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Artificial lung.

Francesco Petrella1,2, Lorenzo Spaggiari1,2

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.

Journal of Thoracic Disease
|August 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue bioengineering offers a potential solution to donor organ shortages for lung transplantation. While artificial lungs show promise for gas exchange, a fully transplantable bioartificial lung remains a distant goal.

Keywords:
Artificial lungregenerative medicinestem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biotechnology
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Lung transplantation is the primary treatment for end-stage lung disease.
  • Donor organ scarcity and immunosuppression are significant limitations.
  • Tissue bioengineering aims to create functional lungs, overcoming these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research in artificial lung development.
  • To discuss achievements, challenges, and future directions in bioartificial lung technology.
  • To explore the role of tissue engineering and stem cells in clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ongoing research in artificial lung development.
  • Analysis of tissue engineering and stem cell technologies.
  • Evaluation of experimental bioartificial lung transplantation studies.

Main Results:

  • Experimental bioartificial lungs can provide prolonged in vivo gas exchange.
  • Decellularized and synthetic scaffolds are utilized in artificial lung development.
  • Significant challenges remain in replicating the full complexity of native lung tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue bioengineering holds potential for addressing lung donor shortages.
  • Current bioartificial lung technology is not yet clinically transplantable.
  • Further advancements in tissue engineering and stem cell integration are crucial for future applications.