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Duodenal chemosensing.

Mari Iwasaki1, Yasutada Akiba1,2, Jonathan D Kaunitz1,2,3

  • 1Veterans Affair Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|August 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Luminal chemosensing in the gut regulates mucosal protection and metabolic syndrome. Understanding these mechanisms offers new therapeutic targets for gut injury and metabolic disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Luminal chemosensing involves gut lumen molecules interacting with the host via receptors or submucosal transport.
  • Recent research highlights its role in local and systemic regulation of gut function, metabolism, and energy balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in understanding luminal chemosensing in the gastroduodenal mucosa.
  • To emphasize its impact on mucosal protective responses and metabolic syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on luminal chemosensing.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms and effector cells involved.

Main Results:

  • Luminal nutrients (LCFAs), bile acids, SCFAs, and LPS activate receptors on enteroendocrine and inflammatory cells.

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  • Chemosensing influences inflammatory pathways, gut barrier function, nutrient uptake, motility, visceral pain, and mucosal injury prevention.

    • Conclusions:

    • Luminal chemosensing is crucial for regulating gut function and systemic metabolism.
    • Discoveries offer novel molecular targets for treating mucosal injury, metabolic disorders, and visceral sensation abnormalities.