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Calcinosis in scleroderma.

Antonia Valenzuela¹, Paula Song², Lorinda Chung³

¹Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Palo Alto, California.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

|August 21, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Calcinosis cutis, a calcium deposition in the skin, affects over 25% of systemic sclerosis patients. While its cause is unclear, surgical removal of deposits is the primary treatment, though research into other therapies continues.

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Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Dermatology
Pathophysiology

Background:

Calcinosis cutis involves insoluble calcium deposition in skin and subcutaneous tissues.
It is a significant complication in systemic sclerosis (SSc), affecting at least 25% of patients.
Associated factors include disease duration, digital ulcers, acro-osteolysis, and specific autoantibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current literature on calcinosis cutis in SSc.
Focus areas include epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Provide an update on available scientific findings.

Main Methods:

Literature search for observational studies on calcinosis frequency and clinical features in SSc.
Inclusion of molecular studies on pathogenic mechanisms.
Review of case reports and series detailing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

Calcinosis cutis is prevalent in SSc, linked to disease severity and specific antibodies.
Potential pathogenic mechanisms involve trauma, inflammation, hypoxia, and protein dysregulation.
Diagnosis is clinical or via radiography; treatment efficacy varies, with surgery being primary.

Conclusions:

Calcinosis cutis is a common and challenging manifestation of SSc.
Pathogenesis requires further elucidation.
Current treatments offer modest results, highlighting the need for improved therapeutic strategies.