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Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
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Preconception Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Fecundability.

Sunni L Mumford1, Richard W Browne2, Keewan Kim1

  • 1Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

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Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) may improve fertility, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might decrease it, especially in normal-weight women. This study examined preconception fatty acid levels and time to pregnancy in women with prior pregnancy loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Fatty acids (FAs) play a role in reproductive health, including steroidogenesis.
  • The impact of specific plasma phospholipid fatty acid (PPFA) levels on fecundability, measured by time to pregnancy (TTP), remains unclear, particularly in women with prior pregnancy loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between preconception plasma phospholipid fatty acid (PPFA) levels and time to human chorionic gonadotropin-pregnancy.
  • To explore these associations in women with a history of pregnancy loss.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study of 1228 women (aged 18-40) with one or two prior pregnancy losses.
  • Participants were followed for up to six cycles, with baseline PPFA levels measured.
  • Associations with fecundability were analyzed using fecundability odds ratios (FORs), adjusted for confounders, and accounting for multiple comparisons with false discovery rate (FDR).

Main Results:

  • Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) showed a positive association with fecundability (shorter TTP), while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were associated with decreased fecundability (longer TTP).
  • These associations were significant only in women with a body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2 after FDR adjustment.
  • Saturated FAs, trans FAs, omega-3 FAs, and omega-6 linoleic acid were not significantly associated with fecundability.

Conclusions:

  • Preconception levels of MUFAs and PUFAs are associated with fecundability in normal-weight women with a history of pregnancy loss.
  • FA composition is an important factor for fertility outcomes in normal-weight women experiencing pregnancy loss.